The
ancient traces of history from jurrasic period was found in many places like
utnoor and interior areas of chennur taluqa, , mancheryal and khanapur
taluqas.also traces of neolithic period is also unearthed here.
It
is one of the district having sites of all the phases(stone age, mesolithic and
neolithic) of pre-history.Also proto-historic sites are also found.It enabled
the historians to construct the history in a systematic way.
Early
rule of shatavahanas started from the luxettipet area, as per the
historians.This famous dynasty of telugu people had gifted many advantages by
Ruling all over India
for some time.Kotilingala , an ancient capital of shatavahanas is also very
nearest place to Adilabad district.
The
achievements of shatavahanas includes well established Administration.,
flourishing internal and external trade,Literary development, uniting the telugu
people under one roof and also unitingIndia, defeating the foriegn invaders,
religious development.
The
coins of shatavahanas reveals various aspects include their victories over
other kings,flourishing economy, foriegn trade, standardised systems, etc.The
insciptions reveals the greatness of the kings, territories of Rule,
Administration, etc.
The literary development includes katantra
vyakaranam by shvaravarma, Gatasaptashathi compiled by Hala (shatavahana
king),Brihatkatha by Gunadya, written In paishachi language.out of above, katantra vyakarana is the earliest book on sanskrit grammer.Gatasaptashati is a book on compilation of stories, which is a pioneer in the story literature of the world and emulated by many languages.Brihathkatha was a great book written in the local language for first time other than sanskrit.It caused for the development of local languages and literature in local languages.
Yagnasri
shatakarni, a shatavahana king was contemporary to Acharya Nagarjuna, a famous
Buddhist scholar.Nagarjuna wrote a letter by name Sruhallekha to Yagnasri.Yagnasri is believed to be helped the Nagarjuna to carryout his activities. Thus, contribution was made for the scientific, litarary, religious development , which reached to many lands of world.
Vatsayana
wote Kamasutra during this period and mentioned a shatavahana king kunthala
shatakarni. It is a famous book on sexology, translated to many languages of
the world.
A
famous Buddhist scholar worth mentioning of this distric is Bavari maharushi.He
was a kosalan vedic scholar settled in the Island near Khanapur of Adilabad
district and later converted to Buddhism.He established a Buddhist monastery.He
was also mentioned by a Buddhist scripture suttanipitika.Many people from India
had educated at this place, presently , this Island is named and known as
Badankurthi on his name. Also, Buddhism has spread to foriegn lands from this
Island.The river Godhavari connected this district people to foriegn lands
through river and sea navigation.
The
famous marriage of shatavahana king Hala and Srilankan princess Lilavathi is believed
to be occured near Badankurthi. It is also known as saptha godavari region
mentioned in the ancient books.A Buddhist monastery at this place of
shatavahana period is also unearthed here. Thus, Badankurthi has contributed for
the educational and religious development in Indian lands and foriegn lands
too.
Badankurthi
is also famous for Dattatreya temple, which is a very rarest of its kind.it is
also famous for Agricultural and milk production.It is in a very strategic
location and three districts namely Adilabad, karimnagar and Nizamabad can be
easily accessed from here.
Thus
, shatavahana kings , who hailed from Adilabad district has contributed
directly and indirectly to the India and world.
In
the ancient period lord Rama and seetha is believed to be visited Basara.Basara
has got its name from Vyasa maharushi. (old name of Basara was Vyasara).Vyasa
is believed to be visited Basara to confess his Dosha (mistake) done at
kashi.He established ashram here on the Bank of River Godavari. Presently, temple
is existing for Vysarushi.
Basar
is famous for having Rarest Saraswathi matha temple.Many people through out the
country visits this place.Aksharabyasam (learning the first alphabet
ceremony)is the principle ritual that takes place in the temple.
The
river Godavari enters in Andhrapradesh at Basar.River Godavari is the longest
river of Andhrapradesh. In quantity wise also it stands first.This river has
been the reason for continued and assured food production in the state of
Andhrapradesh.
It is also believed that there is under ground
water connection was existing from river Godavari to koneru of the temple, so
as to fill it for the convenience of the devotees. It reveals the scientific
advancement prevailing in those days in the district.
Jainadh
is also a famous jain and Hindhu centre of ancient period.the temple of Jainadh
was built during Chalukya period.it was built with black sand stone.it is
architecturally very beautiful.There are many inscriptions are existing on the
walls of this temple.A very beautiful koneru (temple tank) was constructed. It
has beautified the location of temple.presently, the tank is in ruins.Temple
was earlier known as Suryanarayana temple.presently, it is known as
laxminarayana temple. Here,
satyanarayana swami pujas use to take place on every full moon day.it
atteacts the devotees from various surrounding states.It is a belief that all
the wishes are fulfilled, if it is prayed in tlaxminarayana swami temple.Sun
rays would fall on the diety directly on two perticular days in a year.
It reveals the
scientific advancement of ancient
indian sculptures.
It
is also believed that the mythological Parushurama is believed to be visited
the Papahareshwara temple at kadile near Nirmal.There exists a beautiful Nandi
in that shiva temple.It is one of the earliest nandi idol in India.
Bhainsa
is also another centre of Buddhist learning.it is believed that Mahishasaka
sect was prevailing in the olden days. It is also a Hindhu
centre.Mahisasuramardhini is believed to had killed the demon Mahishasura.The
legs of Mahishasura is still lying near the filterbeds at Mysammagutta, Bhainsa.There is
an ancient shiva temple is existing in bhainsa on the bank of a tank.
The
nimma nayaka kings built the wonderful forts in and around the nirmal town.They
had brought people from other places for the purpose of construction.
The chain of tank system is a wonderful innovation of Nirmal kings.Its catchment area is from the Mahaboobghat on the sahyadri hills and about 13km away from the main town.The cyphons were used to control the flow of water to different tanks.The scientific advancement in connecting water tanks and diverting water is highly applaudable and a book can be written on this single subject.The connected tanks are Bangalpet tank, Ramraobagh tank, kurannapet tank, manjulapur tank, alur tank, etc.Finally the excess water disposses into the swarna river
The chain of tank system is a wonderful innovation of Nirmal kings.Its catchment area is from the Mahaboobghat on the sahyadri hills and about 13km away from the main town.The cyphons were used to control the flow of water to different tanks.The scientific advancement in connecting water tanks and diverting water is highly applaudable and a book can be written on this single subject.The connected tanks are Bangalpet tank, Ramraobagh tank, kurannapet tank, manjulapur tank, alur tank, etc.Finally the excess water disposses into the swarna river
.The
advantages of this system is that catchment area is extended, water storage
capacity increased there by ground water table increased,Agricultural , flora
and fauna development took place,floods
can be controlled and wastage of water is controlled.
The
nizam period has witnessed the development of infrastucure to certain
extent.soan bridge was constructed over the river Godavari. It was the one the
earliest bridges in India. He also constructed a barrage at sadarmat on river
Godavari. It has icreased the food production in the area, leading to food
security.
The
great KomaramBheem fought against the oppression of rights of the tribals.This
has brought geeat change in the attittude in the rulers.They have appointed
Hymendwarf, a great sociologist to study the lives of tribals.The extensive
studies has brought many facts in to the light.These recommendations have
become torchbearers in dealing with the tribal communities in other parts of
British India.
On
the otherhand, komaramBheem has become a god to all the tribals. He is seen as
the pioneer to the telangana activists.His birth
anniversary attracts many people from different parts of country.
During
the Bangladesh war, Adilabad district had provided the shelter for immigrants
and provided all fecilities at Isgoan near Kagaznagar.
Adilabad
district is synonymous for the forests.about 43% of land is occupied by
forest.The greatest contribution of this district is Bio diversity in flora and
fauna. There are many types of spices are existing in the forests.The forest is
source of rains and rivers.The kaddam river
and peddavagu born in this district.The forest wealth has been
attracting many tribals to adilabad district. Alot of timber has been generated
in Adilabad district and exported to India and world.The forest biproducts such
as honey, beedi leaves, paper is also exported to many parts of India and world.
The
forest timber and vast lands in the
district enabled to established the Sirpur Khagaznagar paper mill by private
enterprenuer.It has also created employement to the people of various places in
India, leading to multi lingual , multi cultured town of Khagaznagar.
The
rivers and rivulets flowing from this districts are Godavari,Penganga, Wardha,
kaddam, peddavagu, swarna, suddhavagu, satnala and pranahitha, etc.SRSP is on
river Godavari. Gaddena vagu project is on Suddhavagu. Swarna project is on swarna
river. Kaddam project is on kaddam river.These projects, rivers and rivulets
flowing from Adilabad district catches much waters from this district and cause
for the Agricultural development in the state of Andhrapradesh. Due to this
state of Andhrapradesh has been catering the food needs of the India.
The
rivulets flowing from this district has caused
waterfalls. The kuntala waterfall is the heighst waterfall in the state
of Andhrapradesh and attracts many tourists from different parts of India. The
pochera waterfall is also existing in this district.
Due
to the presence of water resources, Adilabad district exports the Vegetable and
rice to the adjoining states.Thus, assuring the food security of other states
also.
The
natural resources available in the district are coal, iron and limestone. The
coal is being excavated by singareni collaries Ltd.This coal is source for
thermal power plants.The state of Andhrapradesh is mostly dependant on thermal
energy for its energy needs, for which the Adilabad district coal is the major
source.It had also created the largescale employement.Many people from all over
India had migrated to coalbelt areas. The towns in coalbelt areas consists of
cosmopolitan culture, due to this reason. The reason for early Urbanisation in
the district of Adilabad can be attributed to the presence of coalmines.
The
presence of limestone has lead to establishment of cement factories in the
mancheryal division.it had also created employement in small scale. These
factories have been instument in development of infrastucure in through out
India.
The
diversified human resources are also an asset of the District. It is a hub for
Many tribal groups. It reveals the amalgamation of many groups peacefully.The
tribal groups living in the district includes Gondi, kolami, Nayakdi, Sugali
(lambada), etc.
Adilabad
district is a Multi lingual district. Educated people speak telugu, hindhi and
english.Many people in Mudhole taluqa, Asifabad and sirpur taluqa speaks in
marathi.Most of the muslims and countable number Hindhus speaks in Urdu.Major
urdu speaking people are in Adilabad, Bhainsa, Khanapur, mancheryal and
Khagaznagar. Lambada people speak in their own lambada language.Gonds speaks in
Gondi and kolams speaks in Kolami language. Naikdis have their own Naikdi
language.In the cosmopolitan towns of mancheryal, Ballepally, kagaznagar, and
Bhainsa marwari language is spoken.
The
development of National Highway No.7 , which is passing through this district,
had also taught many lessons in terms of infrastucure development, land
acquisition, revenue recovery, etc.It has become a pioneer to other road
development projects.
Nirmal
toys and paintings are very unique in nature.Artisans makes these toys and
paintings with poniki wood available in the forests of Adilabad district. The
articrafts are exported to many countries also.The paintings includes the Gods
and Goddesses such as Radhakrishna, laxmidevi, Saraswathi,Shiva, vishnu,
etc.Also the natural scenes like rural women, gopika, forest, forts, etc.are depicted.
They manufactures the toys like tiger, crane, hen, cock, russian toys, etc.
Adilabad
district was boarder of warangal kingdom during the kakatiyas. The Delhi kings
invading the kakatiya kingdom has to pass through the Khagaznagar in Adilabad
district. When the boarders were protected in Adilabad district, kakatiyas used
to prepare for the war.When borders were neglected, it use to be easy for Delhi
rulers to defeat the warangal kings.When Tughlaq launched his final attack,
there were not even five soldiers were present in Kagaznagar area.Thus,
Adilabad district acted as strategic point in the history of medieval India.
Moist
struggle in Adilabad district has taught many lessons.It took voilent form for
the first time in tapalpur.The incidents of Alampally and Rajura blasting took
place.Government had recognised it as a socio economic problem also.The safety
measures of gaurding police stations were implementated in the district. The
same was emulated by other districts and states.It also resulted to migrations
of upper class and caste people to urban areas leading to mitigating the
inequalities.Govt recognised the need of developing the infrastucure in the
moist affected areas and backward regions.A scheme by name BRGF is also
formulated for development of Backward regions.Many new jobs were given to
tribals to amalgamate them in to main stream.Many new hostels were established
for the educational development of tribals, scheduled castes and Backward
classes, leading to educational development in the district.
In
the ancient daysInternal and external trade through river Godavari was carried
out.There are historical evidences for it.Meghasthanese mentioned about
Kotilingala fort.It may be also a port town in ancient days.All the commerce of
Adilabad use to take place through this port.People of Kotilingala , chennur,
jannaram, etc.had established settlements in other districts. There is one
Kotilingala revu in Rajahmundry is the evidence for the flourishing commercial
relations from Adilabad district to that place. (for details read my other blog
Ancient commercial relations of Adilabad and karimnagar via khammam). Thus,
Adilabad district had exported many materials to other parts of the state and
to foriegn lands too.
Adilabad
watersupply scheme from Mavala is worth mentioning because it runs on gravity,
without the use 7of energy for pumping.It had become an citation to prepare
project report to prepare water supply schemes to run on gravity to save alot
of energy and there by cutting the costs of manufacturing potable water
References:
1.Andhrula
Charithra -telugu academy publication
2.official
website of Adilabad district. @ adilabad. nic.in
3.Namaste
telangana sunday special.
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